D-2, Inc. has conducted a thorough assessment of its Hybrid CTD Sensor, utilizing both laboratory calibration and real-world ocean observations.This evaluation was carried out with a specially designed self-contained system that includes a controller, data logger, and battery pack tailored for this initiative.
CTD sensors, which measure conductivity, temperature, and depth, are essential instruments in oceanographic studies. They are commonly used on research vessels and are also integrated into autonomous systems like moorings, profiling floats, gliders, and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).

These sensors are vital for determining seawater salinity and are instrumental in physical oceanography research, providing critical insights into ocean dynamics and environmental shifts.
Innovative Hybrid Technology
D-2’s Hybrid CTD sensor represents a groundbreaking advancement in conductivity measurement by merging the benefits of electrode-based and inductive sensing technologies. This hybrid approach ensures remarkable accuracy and precision, even at depths reaching 11,000 meters.
Advanced Features and Design
The sensor is equipped with a high-resolution strain-gauge pressure sensor, cutting-edge solid-state electronics, and sophisticated signal processing capabilities. Users can choose between standard or high-performance temperature sensors, depending on their needs.
Thanks to its proprietary technology, the sensor boasts a compact and lightweight design, making it ideal for deployment on AUVs and other robotic underwater systems. Moreover,its innovative design allows for free-flushing operation in moast scenarios,negating the need for an external pump.
For a thorough overview of the evaluation study,click hear >>